Sustainability has become an important strategy for 21st century cities and regions. According to ICLEI (Local Governments for Sustainability), over 6000 local governments from 113 countries have adopted sustainability initiatives since the early 1990s. In their book 'The sustainable development paradox', Rob Krueger and David Gibbs, state that sustainability is a goal that basically everyone supports. However, they believe that before making judgements about environmental sustainability, it is also necessary to consider other dimensions of sustainability, such as social equity. Sustainability is a complex social process. The environmental benefits of urban sustainability initiatives may also have deep negative social effects. This book looks at the 'other' side of sustainability. Although it does not formulate one concrete conclusion, it presents some interesting food for thought for all those involved in sustainable urban policies.